International Interdisciplinary Journal of Scholarly Research (IIJSR)
ISSN 2412-303X
Contents |
January 2018
Volume 4, Issue 1 |
Title: Employment Status Association with Quality of Sleep among Married Women Of Defense Housing Authority, Karachi
Abstract: On an average 7 hours of sleep per night is required for the better health of an individual. Married women are having the responsibility of their children and if they are working at the same time then their duration of sleep is being affected. There is an increased risk to acquire health disorders, due to inadequate level of sleep. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the area of defense housing authority in Karachi. The aim was to assess the quality of sleep among married women to determine their sleep quality and to assess whether employment status affects their sleep quality with different variables as number and age of children. The data was collected using “Pittsburg sleep quality index”. The sample size for the study was n=400, with n=200 for married employed and n=200 for married unemployed. The analysis has shown that the mean global score of 4.9±2.89 for good sleepers, while the score of 7.03±2.79 has been revealed for the power sleepers. Chi-square test was applied to determine association and independent sample t-test were applied to determine the difference in mean values. Increased working hours per week was associated with poor sleep quality among employed, however, a number of children affects sleep employed significantly as compared to unemployed. Sleep quality of married employed was found to be poor as compared to married unemployed. The study provides the recommendation, which the women need to focus on the sleep hours through the adoption of the sleep-hour plan. They may take a nap, while they come back from work and develop a timeline for healthy sleep hours. Work life balance is essential, for the women; else, the risk factors may posit a heck of challenges for these women. The women need to maintain a hygiene plan, with the reduction of caffeine intakes, so that they may get healthy sleep. These women are recommended to create a peaceful and restful environment at home, at the time of night so that they may relax themselves, and regulate their sleep hours, with the minimal sleep levels they get.
Author/s: Ms Misbah Amin & Syed Adnan Ali
Pages: 01-08
Abstract: On an average 7 hours of sleep per night is required for the better health of an individual. Married women are having the responsibility of their children and if they are working at the same time then their duration of sleep is being affected. There is an increased risk to acquire health disorders, due to inadequate level of sleep. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the area of defense housing authority in Karachi. The aim was to assess the quality of sleep among married women to determine their sleep quality and to assess whether employment status affects their sleep quality with different variables as number and age of children. The data was collected using “Pittsburg sleep quality index”. The sample size for the study was n=400, with n=200 for married employed and n=200 for married unemployed. The analysis has shown that the mean global score of 4.9±2.89 for good sleepers, while the score of 7.03±2.79 has been revealed for the power sleepers. Chi-square test was applied to determine association and independent sample t-test were applied to determine the difference in mean values. Increased working hours per week was associated with poor sleep quality among employed, however, a number of children affects sleep employed significantly as compared to unemployed. Sleep quality of married employed was found to be poor as compared to married unemployed. The study provides the recommendation, which the women need to focus on the sleep hours through the adoption of the sleep-hour plan. They may take a nap, while they come back from work and develop a timeline for healthy sleep hours. Work life balance is essential, for the women; else, the risk factors may posit a heck of challenges for these women. The women need to maintain a hygiene plan, with the reduction of caffeine intakes, so that they may get healthy sleep. These women are recommended to create a peaceful and restful environment at home, at the time of night so that they may relax themselves, and regulate their sleep hours, with the minimal sleep levels they get.
Author/s: Ms Misbah Amin & Syed Adnan Ali
Pages: 01-08
| 001-001-0018-iijsr.pdf |
Title: The Influence of Training and Development on Employee Performance: An Empirical Evidence From Selected Universities in Kenya
Abstract: The complexity of today’s business environment has imposed continually changing settings in which organizations or institutions compete for survival. As a result, special emphasis is placed on acquiring and retaining quality employees as this is seen as a key factor underpinning organizational success. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of nonmonetary reward systems on employees’ performance with reference to selected higher learning institution in Kenya. The study employed correlation research design. the target population of the study was 870 employees of the selected universities and a sample size of 274 was determined by using Yamane (1967) formula. The primary data was collected by Structured selfadministered questionnaires and interview schedule. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics especially correlation and regression analysis. The study revealed that training and development had significant influence on employee performance. The study concludes that non-monetary reward systems especially training and development play important role in the employee performance. Therefore, the study recommends, that the management of Universities should embrace nonmonetary reward systems.
Author/s: Roseline Atieno Aduda, Ofwa Joanes Otieno Wu’Adongo, Michael Nyagol & Ruth Otienoh
Pages: 09-17
Abstract: The complexity of today’s business environment has imposed continually changing settings in which organizations or institutions compete for survival. As a result, special emphasis is placed on acquiring and retaining quality employees as this is seen as a key factor underpinning organizational success. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of nonmonetary reward systems on employees’ performance with reference to selected higher learning institution in Kenya. The study employed correlation research design. the target population of the study was 870 employees of the selected universities and a sample size of 274 was determined by using Yamane (1967) formula. The primary data was collected by Structured selfadministered questionnaires and interview schedule. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics especially correlation and regression analysis. The study revealed that training and development had significant influence on employee performance. The study concludes that non-monetary reward systems especially training and development play important role in the employee performance. Therefore, the study recommends, that the management of Universities should embrace nonmonetary reward systems.
Author/s: Roseline Atieno Aduda, Ofwa Joanes Otieno Wu’Adongo, Michael Nyagol & Ruth Otienoh
Pages: 09-17
| 002-001-0018-iijsr.pdf |
Title: Bad Debt before and after Global Crisis in Foreign Exchange Banks of Indonesia
Abstract: The measurement of the banks bad debt is applicable to assess the composite rating of a bank, as the impact of the global crisis toward bad debt of foreign exchange banks. The population of this study was 57 foreign exchange banks. The Hypothesis was tested by using Mann Whitney different test. This study showed that bad debt of foreign exchange banks before, during, and after global crisis did not have significant difference.
Author/s: Suharyono
Pages: 18-23
Abstract: The measurement of the banks bad debt is applicable to assess the composite rating of a bank, as the impact of the global crisis toward bad debt of foreign exchange banks. The population of this study was 57 foreign exchange banks. The Hypothesis was tested by using Mann Whitney different test. This study showed that bad debt of foreign exchange banks before, during, and after global crisis did not have significant difference.
Author/s: Suharyono
Pages: 18-23
| 003-001-0018-iijsr.pdf |